Sun Exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun stimulate melanin production, leading to hyperpigmentation and dark spots, often referred to as sunspots or age spots.
Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, especially during pregnancy or from birth control pills, can cause melasma, a condition that results in dark patches on the face.
Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): After inflammation or injury to the skin, such as acne, eczema, or cuts, the skin can produce excess melanin during the healing process, resulting in dark spots.
Aging: As skin ages, it produces more melanin unevenly, leading to the appearance of age spots or liver spots, especially in sun-exposed areas.
Genetics: Your genetic makeup can make you more prone to developing dark spots. If your parents had them, you might be more likely to get them as well.
Medications: Certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), tetracyclines, and psychotropic drugs, can increase sensitivity to sunlight and result in dark spots.
Skin Care Products: Some skincare products, especially those with fragrances or alcohol, can irritate the skin and cause dark spots. Photosensitizing ingredients can also increase the risk when exposed to sunlight.
Health Conditions: Underlying health issues, like Addison’s disease or hemochromatosis, can cause hyperpigmentation and dark spots on the skin as part of their symptoms.